Probably a Russian Pantsir-S1 AA system with the 57E6 missile did this. Most likely, it was tuned for a smaller target so it exploded far away enough from the plane that it didn’t immediately bring it down, but damaged it significantly with shrapnel. If it’d been the missiles from the S-300/S-400s the plane would’ve broken apart mid-air due to the far larger warhead even if the detonation was distant.
We really need to evict Russia from Ukraine and prevent WWIII. It’s not too late. Soon it will be, but it’s not now.
There’s no way to know exactly how damaged the avionics systems and flight controls were, but not sure why the pilot put it down like this as they obviously had some control.
Why was the landing gear extended? I think the procedure if you’re not sure you’re going to make a runway is only try to put the gear down at the last moment as if you have to land on a non-runway it’s more survivable. It might’ve just run out of fuel (tanks pierced by shrapnel) is why the nose-down like that at the end.
Still, though, it got hit by a damn missile. Hard to criticize without knowing more details.